History of City of Surabaya - According to stories circulating in the community, the origin of the name comes from the mythical story Surabaya community titanic battle between the sura (shark) and aged and eventually became the city of Surabaya. City of Surabaya is the second largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta. Surabaya as the capital of East Java Province, Indonesia with a population of metropolis that reaches 3 million. Surabaya is a business center, commerce, industry, and education in eastern Indonesia. Surabaya is also known as City of Heroes because its history is very calculated in the struggle for Indonesian independence from the colonizers. Geographically, the city of Surabaya is located on the northern coast of East Java province. Its territory borders the Strait of Madura in the North and East, Sidoarjo regency in the South, and Gresik regency in the West. Here are things we can learn about the history of Surabaya city from before the arrival of the Dutch, the Dutch East Indies until the time of the battle to maintain Surabaya.
History Before the arrival of the Dutch city of Surabaya
Surabaya Majapahit kingdom was once the gate, at the mouth of the Kali Mas. Even the anniversary of the city of Surabaya is set as the date of May 31, 1293. The day was actually a day of victory Majapahit led troops against the royal troops Raden Wijaya Mongol Kublai Khan's envoy. The Mongols came from the sea was described as SURO fish (shark / bold) and Raden Wijaya troops who come from the land described as Boyo (crocodile / danger), so it literally means the courage to face the dangers that threaten. So the day of victory is commemorated as the anniversary of Surabaya.
In the 15th century, Islam began to spread rapidly in the Surabaya area. One member of the guardian sanga, Sunan Ampel, set up mosques and Islamic schools in the area Ampel. 1530, Surabaya became part of the Sultanate of Demak.
Following the collapse of Demak, Surabaya subjected to the conquest of the Sultanate of Mataram: Panembahan Senopati invaded in 1598, was heavily damaged by Seda ing Panembahan Krapyak in 1610, attacked the Sultan Agung in 1614. Blocking the flow of the Brantas River by Sultan Agung Surabaya finally forced to surrender. Year 1675, Trunojoyo of Madura seize Surabaya, but eventually dumped VOC in 1677.
In an agreement between Pakubuwono II and VOCs on November 11, 1743, handed over his command to the VOC Surabaya.
History Surabaya City in the Age of the Dutch East Indies
In the days of the Dutch East Indies, Surabaya residency status as the capital of Surabaya, whose territory also includes the area that is now the district of Gresik, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto and Jombang. In 1905, Surabaya status granted by the municipality (Gemeente). In 1926, designated as the provincial capital of Surabaya in East Java. Since then it developed into a modern city of Surabaya the second largest in the Netherlands Indies after Batavia.
Before 1900, downtown Surabaya only revolves around Red Bridge only. Until the 1920s, a new settlement grew as the area Darmo, Gubeng, Sawahan, and Ketabang. In 1917 built a modern port facility in Surabaya.
Dated February 3, 1942, the Japanese dropped bombs in Surabaya. In March 1942, Japan won Surabaya. Surabaya became the target of Allied air attacks on 17 May 1944.
History of City of Surabaya, Surabaya Defend Battle
After World War II ended, on October 25, 1945, 6000-British troops from India's 49th Brigade, 23rd Division led by Brigadier General Mallaby Aulbertin Walter Sothern landed in Surabaya with orders to disarm the Japanese army major, army and militia Indonesia. They are also in charge of former prisoners of war and repatriate the Japanese troops. Japanese troops surrender all their weapons, but the militia and more than 20,000 Indonesian troops refused.
October 26, 1945, agreement was reached between Mr. Suryo, the Governor of East Java with Brigadier Mallaby that Indonesian troops and militias do not have to surrender their weapons. Unfortunately, misunderstandings between the British troops in Surabaya with the British army headquarters in Jakarta led by Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison.
October 27, 1945, 11:00 pm, Dakota aircraft from the British Air Force dropped leaflets in Jakarta, Surabaya Indonesia ordered all soldiers and militias to surrender their weapons. The Indonesian army and militia leader was angry when reading the leaflet and thought Brigadier Mallaby did not keep the agreement dated October 26, 1945.
October 28, 1945, Indonesian troops and militia attacking British troops in Surabaya. To avoid defeat in Surabaya, Brigadier Mallaby requested that President Soekarno and Division 23 commander of British forces, Major General Douglas Cyril Hawthorn to go to Surabaya and the pursuit of peace.
October 29, 1945, President Soekarno, Vice President Mohammad Hatta and Information Minister Maj. Gen. Amir Syarifuddin Harahap with Hawthorn went to Surabaya to negotiate.
During the day, October 30, 1945, reached agreement signed by President Soekarno and Division Commander Major General Hawthorn 23. The contents of the agreement is held stop shooting and British troops will be withdrawn from Surabaya as soon as possible. Major General Hawthorn and the three leaders left Surabaya Indonesia and back to Jakarta.
In the afternoon, October 30, 1945, Brigadier Mallaby around to the various headings of British troops in Surabaya to inform about the agreement. As he approached the post of British forces in the Internatio building, near a red bridge, car Brigadier General Mallaby was surrounded by militia who previously had surrounded the building Internatio.
Thinking that his commander would be attacked by militia troops led by British company D Major K. Venu Gopal fired up to disband the militias. The militia members thought they were being attacked / shot at British soldiers from the Internatio building and returned fire. A British officer, Captain R.C. Smith threw a grenade towards Indonesia militias, but misses and instead fell right in the car Brigadier Mallaby.
The grenade exploded and burned cars. As a result, Brigadier Mallaby and his driver were killed. Given initial reports of British troops in Surabaya to the headquarters of British forces in Jakarta said Brigadier General Mallaby was shot dead by Indonesian militia.
Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison was furious to hear news of the death of Brigadier Mallaby and deploy 24,000 additional troops for control of Surabaya.
9 November 1945, the British ultimatum to deploy all the weapons the Indonesian army and militia immediately handed over to British troops, but the ultimatum was ignored.
10 November 1945, Britain began bombing Surabaya and a fierce war lasted continuously for 10 days. Two British plane was shot down troops RI and one of the passengers Brigadier General Robert Guy Loder-Symonds mortally wounded and died the next day.
20 November 1945, the British managed to control Surabaya with untold thousands of soldiers were killed. More than 20,000 Indonesian troops, militia and residents of Surabaya were killed. The entire city of Surabaya was devastated.
This battle is one of the bloodiest battles experienced by British troops in the decade of the 1940s. This battle shows the seriousness Nation Indonesia to maintain independence and repel invaders.
Because the heat of battle and the magnitude of casualties, after this battle, the number of British troops in Indonesia began to be gradually reduced and replaced by Dutch troops. Battle on 10 November 1945 up to today is remembered and celebrated as Heroes' Day.
History Before the arrival of the Dutch city of Surabaya
Surabaya Majapahit kingdom was once the gate, at the mouth of the Kali Mas. Even the anniversary of the city of Surabaya is set as the date of May 31, 1293. The day was actually a day of victory Majapahit led troops against the royal troops Raden Wijaya Mongol Kublai Khan's envoy. The Mongols came from the sea was described as SURO fish (shark / bold) and Raden Wijaya troops who come from the land described as Boyo (crocodile / danger), so it literally means the courage to face the dangers that threaten. So the day of victory is commemorated as the anniversary of Surabaya.
In the 15th century, Islam began to spread rapidly in the Surabaya area. One member of the guardian sanga, Sunan Ampel, set up mosques and Islamic schools in the area Ampel. 1530, Surabaya became part of the Sultanate of Demak.
Following the collapse of Demak, Surabaya subjected to the conquest of the Sultanate of Mataram: Panembahan Senopati invaded in 1598, was heavily damaged by Seda ing Panembahan Krapyak in 1610, attacked the Sultan Agung in 1614. Blocking the flow of the Brantas River by Sultan Agung Surabaya finally forced to surrender. Year 1675, Trunojoyo of Madura seize Surabaya, but eventually dumped VOC in 1677.
In an agreement between Pakubuwono II and VOCs on November 11, 1743, handed over his command to the VOC Surabaya.
History Surabaya City in the Age of the Dutch East Indies
In the days of the Dutch East Indies, Surabaya residency status as the capital of Surabaya, whose territory also includes the area that is now the district of Gresik, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto and Jombang. In 1905, Surabaya status granted by the municipality (Gemeente). In 1926, designated as the provincial capital of Surabaya in East Java. Since then it developed into a modern city of Surabaya the second largest in the Netherlands Indies after Batavia.
Before 1900, downtown Surabaya only revolves around Red Bridge only. Until the 1920s, a new settlement grew as the area Darmo, Gubeng, Sawahan, and Ketabang. In 1917 built a modern port facility in Surabaya. Dated February 3, 1942, the Japanese dropped bombs in Surabaya. In March 1942, Japan won Surabaya. Surabaya became the target of Allied air attacks on 17 May 1944.
History of City of Surabaya, Surabaya Defend Battle
After World War II ended, on October 25, 1945, 6000-British troops from India's 49th Brigade, 23rd Division led by Brigadier General Mallaby Aulbertin Walter Sothern landed in Surabaya with orders to disarm the Japanese army major, army and militia Indonesia. They are also in charge of former prisoners of war and repatriate the Japanese troops. Japanese troops surrender all their weapons, but the militia and more than 20,000 Indonesian troops refused.
October 26, 1945, agreement was reached between Mr. Suryo, the Governor of East Java with Brigadier Mallaby that Indonesian troops and militias do not have to surrender their weapons. Unfortunately, misunderstandings between the British troops in Surabaya with the British army headquarters in Jakarta led by Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison.
October 27, 1945, 11:00 pm, Dakota aircraft from the British Air Force dropped leaflets in Jakarta, Surabaya Indonesia ordered all soldiers and militias to surrender their weapons. The Indonesian army and militia leader was angry when reading the leaflet and thought Brigadier Mallaby did not keep the agreement dated October 26, 1945.
October 28, 1945, Indonesian troops and militia attacking British troops in Surabaya. To avoid defeat in Surabaya, Brigadier Mallaby requested that President Soekarno and Division 23 commander of British forces, Major General Douglas Cyril Hawthorn to go to Surabaya and the pursuit of peace.
October 29, 1945, President Soekarno, Vice President Mohammad Hatta and Information Minister Maj. Gen. Amir Syarifuddin Harahap with Hawthorn went to Surabaya to negotiate.
During the day, October 30, 1945, reached agreement signed by President Soekarno and Division Commander Major General Hawthorn 23. The contents of the agreement is held stop shooting and British troops will be withdrawn from Surabaya as soon as possible. Major General Hawthorn and the three leaders left Surabaya Indonesia and back to Jakarta.
In the afternoon, October 30, 1945, Brigadier Mallaby around to the various headings of British troops in Surabaya to inform about the agreement. As he approached the post of British forces in the Internatio building, near a red bridge, car Brigadier General Mallaby was surrounded by militia who previously had surrounded the building Internatio.
Thinking that his commander would be attacked by militia troops led by British company D Major K. Venu Gopal fired up to disband the militias. The militia members thought they were being attacked / shot at British soldiers from the Internatio building and returned fire. A British officer, Captain R.C. Smith threw a grenade towards Indonesia militias, but misses and instead fell right in the car Brigadier Mallaby.
The grenade exploded and burned cars. As a result, Brigadier Mallaby and his driver were killed. Given initial reports of British troops in Surabaya to the headquarters of British forces in Jakarta said Brigadier General Mallaby was shot dead by Indonesian militia.
Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison was furious to hear news of the death of Brigadier Mallaby and deploy 24,000 additional troops for control of Surabaya.
9 November 1945, the British ultimatum to deploy all the weapons the Indonesian army and militia immediately handed over to British troops, but the ultimatum was ignored.
10 November 1945, Britain began bombing Surabaya and a fierce war lasted continuously for 10 days. Two British plane was shot down troops RI and one of the passengers Brigadier General Robert Guy Loder-Symonds mortally wounded and died the next day.
20 November 1945, the British managed to control Surabaya with untold thousands of soldiers were killed. More than 20,000 Indonesian troops, militia and residents of Surabaya were killed. The entire city of Surabaya was devastated.
This battle is one of the bloodiest battles experienced by British troops in the decade of the 1940s. This battle shows the seriousness Nation Indonesia to maintain independence and repel invaders.
Because the heat of battle and the magnitude of casualties, after this battle, the number of British troops in Indonesia began to be gradually reduced and replaced by Dutch troops. Battle on 10 November 1945 up to today is remembered and celebrated as Heroes' Day.
I love Surabaya...